Results

The Results section of the APA paper describes and summarizes the data that was collected in the study and how it was analyzed statistically. Mention all relevant results, even those that do not support the hypothesis, but do not interpret or discuss implications of the results; that will be discussed in the Discussion section. The following are ways to report your results and what to include:

1. Tables and Figures: When using tables or figures, be sure to refer to them in the text.
   1. Tables provide exact values and should be used for complex data.
   2. Figures are used as visual impressions that attract the readers' eye.
2. Statistical presentation (how to report null hypothesis significance testing): Report inferential statistics (t tests, F tests, and chi-square). Include information about the value of the test statistic, degrees of freedom, the direction of the effect and include descriptive statistics so the reader can understand the nature of the effect. Also report confidence intervals.
3. Adequate statistics: Provide enough information for the reader to understand the analyses. Usually, the following are adequate in the Results section:
   1. per-cell sample size
   2. observed cell means
   3. cell standard deviations
   4. estimate of the within-cell variance
4. Statistical power: Include evidence that the study effectively detects an effect of a variable when one is present. For example, consider the likelihood of correctly rejecting tested hypotheses, given a particular alpha level, effect size, and sample size.
5. Statistical significance: When reporting results, be sure to include these values.
   1. "alpha level" (the probability of a Type I error), commonly set at .05 or.01
   2. p value (significance probability), usually in the form of p < .05, p < .01, or n.s.
6. Effect size and strength of relationship

For an example, click here.

For a checklist, click here.