[Extracts cited by  Maria Luiza Glycerio from the GROUPE ZOOLOGIQUE HUMAIN, Éditions Albin Michel. Paris (1956), pp. 55-150, and translated into English by Janice B. Paulsen  (1999).]

  These  extracts are presented in order to encourage visitors to read Teilhard's works in their entirety, and also to complement the article:

«IS NOOGENESIS PROGRESSING?»

by Maria Luiza Glycerio and Janice B. Paulsen

QUOTATIONS

Teilhard de Chardin - Le Groupe Zoologique HUMAIN
"Man's Place in Nature":


The Deployment of the Biosphere

(Page 55)

Chapter 3 - The Tree of Life.

Searching for the Leading Shoot: Complexification and Cerebralization


(Pages 57-58)

"Geneticists have found themselves obliged to separate, within the  Metazoan "cell of cells", the soma from the germen, the latter taking upon itself alone the principal task of hereditary transmission. Equally, and perhaps more importantly, we find ourselves here led to distinguish the soma from the "phrên" * the former without interest, and the latter decisive when it comes to assessing the degree of vitalization of human beings. From this point of view, greatly revised and clarified, the number of molecules making up the skeleton or the muscle system of an animal matters little. Even the gross weight of the brain mass is of little consequence (up to a certain point). But the one thing which finally counts in the absolute classification**, of higher order living beings, is (besides the number) the perfection, in structure and arrangement, of their cerebral neurons.

* From a Greek word, designating the (supposed) organ of psychic life (originally and literally the diaphragm enveloping the liver and the heart).

** That is to say by order of "complexity".

...A still quite indecipherable parameter, one will say, (or at least "immeasurable")! But extremely useful, by the measure in which it expresses itself concretely, we shall see, in certain precise morphological characteristics, such as the convolutionary pattern, the concentration, and the selective development of any given portion of the brain.

...Let us rather see how, by application of this criteria (gradually clarified) of cephalization or cerebralization, the confused arboresence, the crowd of living beings, becomes comprehensible, gets organized, and finally leaps forward, with one single thrust and following one single main stem, .."

(Pages 60 - 62)

"What remains, therefore, all factors considered, is the Chordate-Vertebrate branch. By elimination, this is the one (supposing valid our general theory of Complexity and our particular choice of the Cerebralization parameter), - this is the one, I say, that has to represent the most exactly the axis ab of our curve of corpusculization.  - Does a more detailed analysis of brain development within the group confirm this suspicion? In other words, does the Vertebrate branch offer in its structure the progressive characteristics that we could legitimately expect from the main line of involution upon itself of the Universe?

Even a precursory examination of the final results obtained by "cerebrology" permit one to answer: Yes.

Let us try to show this in a few well chosen traits.

a. First of all, taking without going into detail and as a whole the successive pulsations of the series constituting the class of the Vertebrates, it is beyond doubt that from the Fish to the Amphibians, then from the Amphibians to the Reptiles, and more distinctly still from the Reptiles to the Mammals, one  observes a well defined progression of the brain mass:  a progression not simply global and conducted by chance, - but a  progression operating systematically and selectively following certain clearly determined lines.
 
(Figure 3.) 
[This figure has
not yet been
made available for
this Web page.]
Some steps in the Cerebralization of the Vertebrates

(according to  Romer). A, Devonian Fish. B, Reptile. 

C, Dog. D, Man.

___ lo, olfactory lobes . h, hemispheres. cm, midbrain. ép,

epiphysis (pineal body). hp, pituitary gland. cv, cerebellum. 
mo, spinal cord.

Observe the gradual involution of the brain upon itself, correlatively 

along with the development of the cerebral hemispheres.

(cf.fig.6).

With all Vertebrates, as one knows, the structure of the brain presents, in the number and position of its elements, a remarkable  homogeneity (cf. fig. 3): a forebrain (olfactory lobes and hemispheres); an intermediary brain ( occipital  lobes, pineal body, pituitary gland); a midbrain (cerebral peduncles,  corpora quadrigemina); a hind brain  (cerebellum); finally the medulla oblongata.

Thus, what the Comparative Anatomy of living forms teaches us (without even any recourse to Paleontology), is that from group to group, beginning with the Fish, two particularly significant zones of the brain mass tend to take precedence over the others, that is say tend to concentrate within themselves the progress of cephalization: on one hand, the cerebellum, - and on the other, above all, the cerebral hemispheres; the latter undergoing in the most advanced Reptiles (Birds), and even more yet in the Mammals (at least apart from several layers, and following certain phyla), a rapid, revolutionary and all invasive development: up to the point of monopolizing so to speak the cranial cavity and covering the cerebellum."
 
 

The formation of the Noosphere

Chapter 3: Effects and Figures of Convergence

a) The Increase of Free Energy and the intensification of Research (Page 140)

b) The Rebound of Evolution et Neo-cerebralization

  1. Evolution takes off (Page 144)
  2. Towards more brain  (Page 148)
(Pages 149-150)

"In this manner, in the interior of the Noosphere in process of compression, [we have] a new chain, particularly central and direct: the  cerebralization (a higher order effect and parameter of cosmic involution) closing in upon itself in a process of self-completion; an  auto-cerebralization of Humanity becoming the most concentrated expression of the reflective rebound of Evolution.*

*"Here reappears and becomes accentuated up to the point of becoming dominant, the distinction between  soma and  phrên posited above, Chap. II, p. 57 - With the appearance on Earth of the  "Socialization of compression" (where the important factor is no longer the multiplication of individuals, but their ultra-cerebralizing arrangement) a new regime of biological evolution establishes itself; in fact, one in which the individuals, all the while still functioning as links by their germen (phyletic reproduction within the Human phylum, in the form of still recognizable hereditary fibers, although more and more intermingled), are affirming themselves, by their phrên, as constituatory elements of the  "noospheric brain" (the organ of collective human reflection).

In spite of their slightly foolish appearance, these views, I affirm, are not in the least unreasonable. But they find themselves quite naturally on the scale of the dimensions that Science encounters each time it tackles a movement of cosmic importance. Impossible to better convince oneself than in searching  (as an irrepressible curiosity carries us along) to extrapolate forward, as far as possible , the totalizing mounting tide of psycho-technical energies whose convergent forward movement, I hope I have made evident, becomes more and more recognizable in the progress of everything around us."


« IS NOOGENESIS PROGRESSING ?»

by Maria Luiza Glycerio and Janice B. Paulsen
 

English version, Richmond, VA, U.S.A.
last update 9 August 1999.
© 1999 Janice B. Paulsen (U.S.A.) and Maria Luiza Glycerio  (Brazil)